Wage Theft in the Fast Food Industry - 1764 Words

Imagine having to clock out mid-shift to prevent getting paid overtime, but not leaving for another hour or two. Having to punch out for break but work through it, or having a paid vacation taken away as if it never existed? Situations relative to these are reality and are classified as wage theft, defined by the wage theft website as â€Å"a variety of infractions that occur when workers do not receive their legally or contractually promised wages† (Wage Theft). The public is generally uneducated of the concept of wage theft and the effects it has on our society, let alone what can be done about it. The Wage Theft Prevention Act, an act established in 2011 by the state of New York, provides laws protecting working citizens, and is an act that†¦show more content†¦economy, in an industry that’s making billions of dollars in record profits; and they’re stealing from the lowest income workers in this country. Is that right?!†. It is true- workers of these restaurants do not even make nearly enough to survive and are victims of wage theft while corporate workers make millions more a year, caring less about what is happening to the workers below them. In an article on AlterNet entitled â€Å"Fast-Food CEOs Making 1,200 Times Workers’ Wages Have No Idea What Their Greed Does To Employees† it revealed just how pathetic this industry really is. In the article by Alyssa Figueroa, she stated that â€Å"In the past decade, fast-food CEOs’ wages have increased more than 400 percent, while workers’ wages increased 0.3 percent†. In a later statement, â€Å"the average fast food CEO salary at $23.8 million in 2013 and the average worker salary at $19,000†. If we are a country that recognizes the issue of income inequality, why are we not doing anything in relation to this issue? The article featured numerous testimonies including many occurrences of wage theft. In a testimony by a woman named Marie Sanders, she states â€Å"I was 17 years old and I had problems at home, so I needed to budget my money in order to pay my expenses, I just stumbled upon it. I would ask my manager for printouts of my ti me. And that’s when I had noticed that I had been clocked out for days that I did not take breaks. And it would beShow MoreRelatedShould The Minimum Wage Be Paid?993 Words   |  4 PagesTalk poverty: As wages go down, the percentage of workers relying on public assistance gets higher: 60 percent of workers earning less than $7.42—only slightly higher than the $7.25 federal minimum wage—receive some form of means-tested public assistance. Overall, 70 percent of the benefits in programs meant to aid non-elderly low-income households—programs like food stamps, Medicaid, and the Earned Income Tax Credits—go to working families.and it help some people get out of the food stamp Because theRead MoreMusic and Film665 Words   |  3 Pagesintroductions: Technicolour, Cinemascope, 3D, and even a brief trial with Aromascope...all of these opportunities used to try make cinema-going a more involving experience. However, advancing technology has also had a n egative effect on the film industry. Since videos have become a form of watching a movie, film piracy has slowly become a huge problem, but even more so since the internet has become more powerful. Internet film piracy has become a global epidemic. As internet usage has expanded andRead MoreThe Idea Of Chipotle Company1375 Words   |  6 PagesI. Overview The idea of Chipotle started with its founder, chairman and co-CEO, Steve Ells. 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Merchant Of Venice Shylock Character Analysis - 762 Words

The Merchant of Venice is one of Shakespeare’s most widely known and controversial comedies. Written in the late 1590s, its’ controversy stems from the modern mindset between tolerance and prejudice. Shylock, who was â€Å"at once a fabulous monster, the Jew incarnate, and also a troubling human uneasily joined with the monster in an uncanny blend†, is now looked at as a victim in light of the prejudice bestowed upon him now being recognized. Shylock’s character is so stereotypically Jewish that he becomes known as villainous instead of a victim. (1, Pg. 1) At this point of time, Jews were treated harshly and were ostracized by Christians. Shylock, because of his religion, is frequently looked down upon, spit at, and called derogatory terms.†¦show more content†¦Shylock is in the middle of lending Bassanio money, but, he requests â€Å"three thousand ducats for three months, and Antonio bound.† This is the first time Shylock mentions Anton io and it is with a negative connotation. He requests that Antonio be bound to the gamble. After a few moments, Antonio walks in and Shylock makes a speech in which he declares his hatred for Antonio. â€Å"How like a fawning publican he looks. I hate him for he is a Christian; But more, for that in low simplicity He lends out money gratis, and brings down The rate of usance here with us in Venice. If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. He hates our sacred nation, and he rails, Even there where merchants most do congregate, On me, my bargains and my well-won thrift, Which he calls ‘interest’. Cursed be my tribe If I forgive him.† This speech gives us a glimpse into why Shylock hates Antonio and the anti semitism Antonio has towards Shylock and his religion that he is dedicated to. He starts off by insulting Antonio and declaring that he hates him because he is a Christian. His hatred for Christians can be due to the fact that Christians ostracized and belittled Jewish people, especially during this time period and place. He then continues on describing what Antonio does as a career, but, with much criticism. He explains that Antonio lends money out freely and brings down the rate of interest for his friends.Show MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Shylock from The Merchant of Venice469 Words   |  2 PagesWilliam Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is a classic play that has also brought about some issues revolving around the antagonist of the story Shylock. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the character of Shylock in the play and also introduce the uses of that name throughout history down to the present day. Shylock in Shakespeares work is a money lending Jew who pursues money with strong vigor and attachment. Shylock is also portrayed as literally bloodthirsty as he demands punishmentRead MoreThe Merchant of Venice939 Words   |  4 PagesContrast of Shylock and Claudius Introduction This essay looks into the lives of Shylock and Antonio. These are two of Shakespearean antagonists of all time. They are alike in more ways than one. Shylock in Merchant of Venice is a Jewish moneylender based in Venice. He has been tormented and repressed mainly by the Christian population. One finds it easy to sympathize with him mainly because he has his own reasons to be loathing, greedy, and miserly. This ends up making the entire ‘Merchant of Venice’Read MoreRacism And Prejudice By William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion and what they believe in, however there is racism and prejudice present in the world. William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is one of his most controversial plays. Written in the 16th century England, the play poses many questions concerning racial, religious and human differences due to anti-semitism being very common at the time. The story is set in Venice where a merchant named Antonio lived. His poor friend Bassanio wants to charm and marry a lovely, rich girl of Belmont called PortiaRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice2059 Words   |  9 Pagesin The Merchant of Venice resembles a folktale known as â€Å"A Pound of Flesh† (325). Artese supports his supposition with background context and parallels between the two story lines. Literary versions of the pound of flesh story circulated during the sixteenth century and were collected since the nineteenth century because of the plot’s longevity and populairity Shakespeare would have been familiar with pound of flesh stories (326). Human commodification is a central issue in both The Merchant of VeniceRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Play Analysis of The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is one of Shakespeare Comedy’s published in the First Folio. (McDonald 212) This analysis will review the written work of the play and the production from the Sweet Tea Shakespeare Theater Group. An overview on a few on the main stories within the play: the animosity in the relationship between Antonio the merchant and Shylock the Jewish moneylender, the courtship of Bassanio and Portia, and the secret eloping of Jessica and LorenzoRead MoreMerchant of Venice - Plot Structure1714 Words   |  7 Pagesof ‘The Merchant of Venice is apparently fanciful but in reality exactingly structured./b/center br brThe Merchant of Venice is a fairy tale. There is no more reality in Shylocks bond and the Lord of Belmonts will than in Jack and the Beanstalk. brH. Granville-Barker, in Prefaces to Shakespeare. br brThis is one way of looking at the play, reading it or enjoying the performance. But it can be a contradiction to our actual feelings about this complex play. ‘The Merchant of VeniceRead More Shakespeares Presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice831 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeares Presentation of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice This essay is an analysis of how the character of Shylock, in the play The Merchant of Venice, is presented to the audience, by Shakespeare, in different ways. The riveting play shows the best and worst aspects of human nature and contains one of Shakespeares most reviled, complex and compelling characters. Love and romance end this play, yet before that come bigotry, racism, hatred, death threats andRead MoreMerchant Of Venice Essay Outline956 Words   |  4 Pages The Merchant of Venice Essay Outline Introduction: Hook: The theme is the main subject or message of a story. It is used to give depth and enhance the plot. The themes of The Merchant of Venice are used throughout the story of the play to make the plot move along and to encourage the characters into action. Bridge: When you read The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare there are many themes throughout the play and many lessons to be learned. Main Ideas: The most important themes are hatredRead MoreIs Shylock The Villain Or Victim In The Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare1411 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter Analysis Shylock Is Shylock the villain or the victim in the Merchant of Venice? In the play the ‘Merchant of Venice’ by William Shakespeare the antagonist Shylock is both the victim and the villain. Shylock is a Jewish moneylender and is initially portrayed as anger filled and bloodthirsty but as the play continues we begin to see him as more human and his emotions become more evident. As the antagonist, Shylock is a fearful adversary to Antonio, the protagonist. But as good begins toRead MoreAnalysis of The Merchant of Venice Essay513 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Merchant of Venice William Shakespeares play The Merchant of Venice is based on a simple enough plot, but it gives a more complex view of the characters involved. It portrays each characters attitude, opinions and actions and shows how they affect the other characters. ====================================================================== Shylock is perhaps the most noteworthy character. He is centred on most of the plays events. Throughout the

Language Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman Free Essays

Language Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman Macro-Sociolinguistics Parsa Khan Student ID # 35700-1095 Arabic, the sixth largest spoken language in the world, which consists of 186,000,000 speakers around the globe and being the central language of the Middle East, is one of the most significant languages in this century. Sultanate of Oman which is an Arab nation and its national language is standard Arabic may not make up much of those 186,000,000 speakers but it surely has and maintains an essential part in the Arabic language. In this paper I will be discussing language variation change in Oman, focusing on Gender, Social Class and Religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will be especially look at the change in the use of vocabulary, dialects and tone used by the people of Oman. The Sultanate of Oman which is located on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula and has borders with UAE, Saudi Arabia and Yemen is one of the biggest countries in Middle East in terms of its land area. The reason I’m selecting this country as my main focus is because I have lived there for almost 18 years and thus I’ve had the opportunity to closely interact with its people and language. The Sultanate of Oman has a very rich culture and follows the monarchy ruling approach. The first king was His highness Said Al Said and later on and till date his son, Sultan Qaboos Bin Said. In the early days, Oman was ruled by the Portuguese and then later on by the British. These two ruling parties left a huge impact on many aspects of the country, including language. Addition to that during the 19th century Oman took a lot of influence from East Africa, which included Tanzania and Kenya. Poole (2006) said † These links between East Africa and Oman are evident today African features of some Omanis and in the use of Swahili in the Sultanate, particularly among ‘Zanzibari Omanis’, who may have been born in East Africa or else can trace their family history to that region. † This influence leads to the addition of more languages in Oman and the main one being Swahili. Other languages which are spoken all around Oman are Baluchi and Farsi and English which is also the official second language of the country. English has official approval as the second language of Oman † Poole (2006). As a result, different varieties of Arabic and different languages are spoken all around the country. Even though Oman has a low population rate compared to other Middle Eastern countries, it has number of regions in the country; Governate of Muscat, Dhakliya, Sharkiya, Wusta, Dhofar (salalah), Batinah (Sohar) and Mussandam. Muscat being the capital of the count ry has a cosmopolitan society which means that all types of Arabic varieties are spoken there, including Hindi as well. As the Indian Ocean is attached, Oman took a lot of influence from India and many local Omanis understand Hindi. [â€Å"Indian varieties of English used in Oman often exhibit the lilting intonation patterns sometimes labeled ‘Bombay Welsh†] Poole (2006). The other main region which is the Dhofar region has taken the Yemeni Arabic influence because Yemen’s border touches the dhofar region. There is another rare dialect which exist, called the Jabali which is spoken by the people living in the mountains and â€Å"speak a variety of unique South Arabian languages that are not mutually intelligible with modern Arabic. Minority groups speak Arabic† (Anonymous). There are number of varieties which exist in the Arabic language especially in Oman but the two chief divisions of Arabic are Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. Classical Arabic is the old Arabic, which originates from the holy book, Quran. While modern standard Arabic on the other hand is used in the current era in various domains such as home and work place and media as well. This paper will be focusing more on Modern Standard Arabic in Oman. Initially when the first king was ruling the country, Oman was not able to mark its existence strongly due to the methods the king had adopted. Few people really recognized Oman as a country and the people of Oman and the economy of Oman were not able to grow at the same level as rest of the Middle East. It was just recently when the present king took the throne; Oman was able to grow in various ways. Out of many factors which were developed immensely, I personally believe education was given the most importance by the current Sultan. At the moment Oman is ranked 126th out of 183 countries for having a literacy rate of 81. 4%. For instance there was a time when there were only two schools which were controlled by the expatriates but now Oman has number of government and private schools and universities and one huge well reputed university-Sultan Qaboos University which is funded by the Sultan. The reason I mention this fact is that I believe education plays a very important role when it comes to being fluent at any language be it even the mother tongue. In addition to that, it supports my first main sub topic which is gender. Gender is defined is a variety of characteristics used to differentiate between  males and  females, and to sign the  masculine  and  feminine  attributes. Linking gender and Arabic will lead to other variables such as education and age which I will be discussing below. In the whole of Middle East, we can clearly see that men are usually more dominant in many aspects. However in recent times we can see a change in how women are treated and given more importance. In the case of Oman, one can see this change clearly. By promoting education, the sultan not only allowed girls to attend school but also offered them jobs in the government. This change has definitely influenced Oman as the literacy rate of women aged 15-24 in Oman rose from 75% in 1990 to 97% in 2005. (Reem Bassiouney,2009). Also currently Oman has the highest number of women ministers compared to other Arab countries. All around the word all languages have certain words which are only used on a specific gender, for example in Arabic if you want to address someone by saying â€Å"you†, we would say â€Å"inta† for a man and â€Å"inti† for a woman. Thus this establishes a difference between the two genders and the language differences that exist. In Oman, women are generally expected and seen in the household, doing regular chores and taking care of the kids. Girls are less likely to be found using slang or even vulgar ways of speaking unlike boys and especially younger adolescents. When Oman was underdeveloped and there was no sign of literacy, these women would just interact with their family members and learn whatever is being taught to them. Now things have changed and women talk and work freely. This has brought some significant changes in language use in Oman. For instance, if we compare two women from the same tribe but one is educated and lives in the city while the other still lives in the village, we will see that the tone and the words both of them use will be different. Example: the woman from the tribe would greet another lady with a long hello which will be â€Å"Asalam le kum wa rahmat ul wa bara kato† in a high pitch, while the other lady will have more of a mellow tone and greet with just â€Å"Asalam le kum†. This might not always be the case, but as far as what I have observed this is what is happening these days. Commonly women in Oman who have not been provided with formal education are likely to speak in a higher tone and perhaps use vernacular vocabulary. The men in Oman are considered to be very kind and generous in behavior. However depending to whom they are communicating, they will use certain words and even change their accent. If a group of friends are talking they will use a lot more slang, regardless of what age group they belong to but if they are talking to their elders we will see that they would use prestigious dialects and make it formal as much as possible which is the similar case in women as well. Back in the days, men would interact in a more strong tone with harsh words which in today’s modern Oman it might be considered as rude as well but this was just a way of expressing the masculine side and power of the man. Jones and Ridout (2005) found † [Of equal importance in the discussion of recent developments that follows below is what Fredrik Earth characterizes as Omani male society’s powerfully internalised â€Å"ideology of politeness,†4 which turns out to be more than just a matter of superficial grace and elegance, but integral to a sense of social identity†] The next topic we will be focusing on is social class. In Oman ones identity and from where which tribe or family one belongs to, has tremendous importance for the people. Omanis do not have the caste system but have a hierarchy of families, which divides people and as a result shows where they belong socially. The top of the hierarchy we have the Saids, which come directly from the Sultans family. Under them we have the Al Busaidis and so on. In Oman a person’s social status is judged by identifying which tribal family one belongs to. The use of language in these different tribes only starts varying if we keep going down in hierarchy. The group belonging on the top uses the prestigious Arabic consisting of modern standard Arabic, while the lower class would use the Bedouin Arabic. Aside from Arabic, we will focus more on English under this topic. As mentioned above, English has been made the second official language of Oman after Arabic due to various reasons which is one of the main language change we can see in this society. Even though I have observed, most omanis including the youth are not able to speak English fluently. Speaking English in Oman, reflects your social standing and education level, so if one speaks English fluently he or she is considered to be from the upper class. As (jabour,.. ) found English language is associated with many stereotypes and issues. Social status and levels are also associated with learning English. Wealthy people take advantage of their high status in most aspects of life whether in employment or education. Many wealthy people may have lower score on their national exams, but may still get access to higher educational opportunities and in turn develop better English skills by virtue of their class standing. From the above findings we can clearly see that English in the omani society has a lot of importance as it is connected with one being educated, getting a better job and just generally being respected in the society. Islam is the official religion of Oman and most of the population consists of Ibadhis followed by Sunnis and the Shias. According to US department of state † Non-Ibadhi and non-Sunni religious communities individually constitute less than 5 percent of the population and include various groups of Shiite Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, and Christians† (Oman, International Religious Report,2007). As known the language used in Islam is Classical Arabic in holy book of Quran and hadiths and thus even regional ceremonies and prayer classical Arabic used. According to Reem Bassiouney, In Arab countries, religion is not seen as an individual’s personal choice but more as person’s identity and â€Å"family affilation†. 2009). Thus we will not see a huge change or variation in religion in Oman. Addition one other main reason is that unlike other religions such as Hinduism or Christianity which have different holy books, Islam only follows one book since the origin of the religion and till now. This gives less chance for the language used in religion to change. Having said tha t, we can still point out minor details the three Islamic groups have. As Hoffman (2004) found â€Å"Ibadhi Muslims complain that although they read the literature of all sects, non-Ibadis hardly ever look at Ibadhi literature†. This shows that even though this group has their own work, not many people are aware of it and thus the new generation just follows and reads what the sunnis and shites have provided which leads to less variation between language use. According to western thinking, Islamic women are suppose be covered at all times and just working at home at all times. Addition that it is also interpreted that Islam does not have any women right and that they are always under mens authority. To change such concepts from the peoples mind and show them the true role and Islamic women has, many educated Omani women wanted to take the advantage of knowing English language to tell and explain the other societies what they do not know about them. They would like to share why they believe in Islam and what they see as the real message behind the religion. They expressed concern over how the media is delivering a distorted picture of Islam and over the lack of awareness about the prophet Mohamed, his life, and his morals. Jabur,2008) In conclusion I think that there has been number of language changes in Oman in many aspects. In Arabic itself and the use of English language all over the country is the main change one can notice in this society. Oman as a country is very much stable, compared to other Middle Eastern countries and is developing in various ways which gives the people of Oman the opportunity to learn and diversify themselves more. The importance of education in this country will surely make Oman stand out and this shows the beginning of a successful nation. However we can say that this is just the beginning and in future we are likely to see more language changes in this society due to more exposure the people will get and the recent boom in tourism. More influences from different societies will occur and Oman will be an impressive cosmopolitan society. As I was conducting my research on this paper I also realized that not many research and studies have been performed on Oman, which indirectly shows that a lot more is yet to be discovered and can be learned from this nation. I expect that the English language will be the dominate language in Oman within a few decades. Sadly to say, the Arabic language might lose its users, its elegance, and its influence on the Arabic culture and individuals, but English might help them in overcoming their obstacles and constraints. (Jabour,2008). This last statement leaves the reader with a thought provoking feeling that maybe the country which is known to keep its tradition and values intact is losing its official language while on the quest of developing as and educated society. On a personal note I disagree as living in this society I strongly believe that Omanis, no matter how educated or modern they get will always remember their mother tongue and How to cite Language Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman, Essay examples

Off grid solar System-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Off grid Solar System. Answer: Introduction Solar powered frameworks infer pure and clean energy from the sun. Installation of solar systems on people's homes aids in decreasing our aggregate reliance on petroleum product and combating greenhouse gas emissions (Rehman Al-Hadhrami2010). At the point when petroleum derivatives are singed to deliver power, they transmit destructive gasses that are the essential driver of global warming and air pollution. Solar Citys carbon footprint per unit of vitality creation is ninety-five percent lower than that of fossil products control plants. Not exclusively are petroleum fuels energy terrible for the environment, they are a limited resource. Restricted availability makes an unpredictable market in which vitality costs can skyrocket in a brief timeframe. Given the low ozone harming substance outflows from sunlight-based power, expanding its adoption is a fundamental strategy in endeavors to battle environmental change at both the national level and individual. Solar Panels Solar panels are panels made to absorb sunlight in generating heat and electricity for domestic consumption. A packaged of photovoltaic module is connected to solar cell which is a typically assembly of 6x10 photovoltaic cells. These photovoltaic modules comprise of the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic framework that creates and supplies sunlight based power for business and private applications. Every module is rated by its direct current yield control under standard test conditions (STC) and regularly goes from a hundred to three hundred and sixty-five Watts. Workload calculation Having chosen the components, we calculate the workload. Appliance is a regular household bulb of 15w Hours of running = 8 hours Calculating total watt hour = 15 w x 8 = 120 Considering the system has a 30% energy loss then we have Total watt per day = 120 x 1.3 = 156 Wh Types of solar panels The variety of sun oriented power innovations accessible keep running on a size of productivity, value, flexibility and durability, based on the need of ones venture. PV solar based innovation creates control since materials such as silicon yield an electrical current when they sunlight, in a method referred as the photovoltaic effect (Burnett Borle 2005, September). Likewise semiconductors, sunlight based PV innovation needs purged silicon to get a good efficiency, and the cost behind PV sun oriented manufacturing is frequently determined by the crystalline silicon decontamination process. There are three types of solar panel. Monocrystalline: For the most part, monocrystalline silicon sun powered based PV is the best advancement to pass on viability, as measured by wattage yield related to the board estimate. However, this capability can be went with additional expenses. The most proper esteem is sun situated PV advancement is polycrystalline silicon, offering adequacy levels close to monocrystalline boards, however at a large portion of the cost sometimes. Polycrystalline: These sun oriented is made by including silicon fluid into a cast. Nevertheless, because of this advancement strategy, the gem structure will outline deficiently, making hindrances where development of precious stone breaks. This gives the polycrystalline silicon its unmistakable, grainy appearance, as the gemstone sort configuration highlights the cutoff points in the valuable stone. Thin-Film Solar PV: This technology is the least used and has the lowest market share since it has several disadvantage. However it is considered as the suitable option for projects that needs less power requirement that need portability and light weight. Thin film has generated an efficiency of twenty percent efficiency. Effects of Solar Panel The sun gives a gigantic asset to producing spotless and maintainable power without poisonous contamination or a dangerous atmospheric devation emanations. The potential natural effects related with sun based power arrive utilize and environment misfortune, water utilize, and the utilization of perilous materials in assembling can differ enormously relying upon the innovation, which incorporates two general classifications: photovoltaic (PV) sun based cells or concentrating sun oriented warm plants (CSP). The size of the framework extending from little, dispersed housetop PV exhibits to substantial utility-scale PV and CSP ventures additionally assumes a huge part in the level of ecological effect. Rating Of the Solar Panel Sunlight based board measure should be picked in a way that it will charge the battery totally amid the one day time. Amid the time of twelve hours of day time the daylight is not uniform and differentiation according to your territory in the globe. So we can expect four hours of successful daylight which will produce the evaluated control. Hence, Total WP of the panel = 156WH/4 = 39 W Solar panel size In spite of the fact that length and width fluctuates somewhat, most manufacturing are producing sun based boards in standard sizes. The most run of the mill estimate utilized for private establishments is 65 creeps by 39 inches which will be the appropriate for this venture, while the basic size for business applications is 77 crawls by 39 inches. The littler size is a superior fit for private activities to expand accessible rooftop space. Most business ventures have many boards and this is the reason the somewhat bigger board is a more perfect decision. Sun Power is the special case to length and width. Their private board is 61 crawls by 41 inches, somewhat shorter and somewhat more extensive than standard boards. With respect to control, estimate is regularly alluded to in DC watts under STC or PTC conditions. STC, or Standard Test Conditions, is the power rating measured under research center conditions (Rehman Al-Hadhrami2010). STC is the thing that a sun based board maker utilizes as a part of their specialized particulars of hardware. Most standard boards are in the vicinity of 23o and 275 watts DC STC, while Sun Power producer's high-effectiveness gear in the scope of 327 to 345 watts. PTC, or PV USA Test Conditions, is the power rating under more "certifiable" conditions. The PTC of a sunlight based board is ordinarily 10-15% lower than its STC. For standard boards, the PTC is commonly in the vicinity of 195 and 247 watts DC. Solar cell electric model Solar cells are tiny, square-molded board semiconductors produced using silicon and other conductive materials, fabricated in thin film layers. At the point when daylight strikes a sun-based cell, synthetic responses discharge electrons, creating an electric current. Sun-powered cells are additionally called photovoltaic cells (PV cells) and can be found on numerous most of electronic for example calculators. PV is molded as a current source since it supplies a constant current over a wide range of voltages It has p-n junction diode that supplies a potential It has internal resistors that impede the flow of the electrons. Cells are the electrical gadget that proselytes daylight into power. With a specific end goal to produce a valuable measure of energy, cells are linked together in a sun powered board. 60 cell modules are the business standard for private applications, however somewhat bigger business boards are for the most part 72 cells. SunPower, the pioneer in sun oriented board effectiveness, uses 96 cell boards. Sun based establishment organizations regularly take a gander at the quantity of cells while deciding similarity with microinverters Sun situated cells are not ordinarily used independently in light of the way that they don't yield sufficient voltage and vitality to meet normal electrical solicitations.The measure of voltage and current they yield can be expanded by joining cells together with wires to create bigger zone sunlight based modules. Cells can be associated in various ways Strings where cells are associated in arrangement Blocks at least 2 strings associated together in parallel Joining at least 2 squares together Calculating Current and Voltage Series connections are made by connecting one cells ntype contact to the p-type of the next cell Parallel connections are made by joining each cells ntype contacts together and p-type contacts together Series connections the voltages add Parallel connections the current add Series connections the current flow is equal to the current from the cell generating the smallest current (limited by poorest cell) Parallel connections the voltage is the average of the cells or string in parallel Battery The yield from the sun powered board is dc control. This power is produced amid the day time as it were. So if you have to run a dc stack in the midst of day time then it is in every way basic. In any case, doing this is not a respectable decision in light of the way that: Most of the machines require a consistent evaluated voltage to run effectively. Sun powered board voltage is not unfaltering it changes as shown by the sunshine if you have to run the machines in the midst of night then it is incomprehensible. The above issue is lit up by using a battery to store the daylight based power in the midst of the day time and utilize it as indicated by your decision .It will give steady wellspring of steady, dependable power (Kolhe, Kolhe Joshi 2002). There are different sort of Batteries. Auto and bicycle batteries are intended for providing short blasts of high present and after that be revived and are not intended for a profound release. In any case, the sun based battery is a profound cycle lead-corrosive battery that takes into consideration incomplete release and takes into account profound moderate release. Lead corrosive tubular battery is ideal for a nearby planetary group. Li-Ion batteries and Ni-MH batteries are moreover used various little power application. Before going to pick the fragments pick your system voltage 12/24 or 48 V. Higher the voltage lesser the present and lesser will be the copper adversity in the channel. This will reduce your conductor appraise also.In by far most of the little home adjacent planetary gathering have twenty-four or twelve volts. This project uses twelve volt system. Rating of the battery Batteries capacity are rated in term of Ampere Hour. Power= Current X Voltage Watt Hour =Voltage x Current x Time Voltage of the battery = 12 volts ( the system uses 12v) capacity of voltage = Load /Voltage = 156/12 = 13Ah Basically battery are not perfect, so we need to consider the loss. Taking the battery loss is fifteen percent. So battery limit required is 13/0.85 =15.29 Ah For a good battery life,they are not permitted to release completely that is 100 %.For overflowed lead corrosive battery 60% profundity of release is considered as great practice. Hence the Capacity needed = 15.29/0.6 = 25.49 Ah You can choose a profound cycle lead corrosive battery with limit more than 25.49 Ah. You can round off to 30Ah Charger controller Charge controller of a solar is a gadget which is set between a battery and solar panel . It controls the current and voltage starting from your sun fueled sheets .It is used to keep up the right charging voltage on the batteries. As the data voltage from the sun arranged board rises, the charge controller guides the charge to the batteries keeping any overcharging (Burnett Borle 2005, September). Generally speaking, the sun based power structures uses 12 volt batteries, however Solar sheets can pass on altogether more voltage than is required to charge the batteries. By, fundamentally, changing over the excess voltage into amps, the charge voltage can be kept at a perfect level while the time required to totally charge the batteries is lessened. This empowers the sun based power system to work in a perfect world at all conditions. Types of Charge controller: PWM MPPT ON OFF Among the three charge controllers MPPT have most elevated productivity yet it is costly.So you would use be able to either PWM or MPPT. Rating on charge Controller Since the project will use 12V, then the Charge controller must be 12V Current = Output of the power by the of Panels / Voltage = 120 W/ 12V = 10 A By taking thirty percent edge, You can pick a 13A charge controller. However, the following rating controller accessible in the market is 20A. So pick a Charge Controller of twelve Volt and current rating of 20.0A. Low voltage Cutt off In batteries, the cut-off (definite) voltage is the recommended lower-limit point voltage at which battery discharge is taken to be complete. The cut-off voltage is typically picked so that the maximum limit of the battery is accomplished. The cut-off voltage is unique in relation to one battery to the next and it is exceedingly reliant on the sort of battery and the sort of administration in which the battery is utilized. When testing the limit of a NiMH or NiCd battery a cut-off voltage of 1.0 V for every cell is ordinarily utilized, though 0.9 V is regularly utilized as the cut-off voltage of an antacid cell. Gadgets that have too high cut-off voltages may quit working while the battery still has huge limit remaining. Some convenient hardware does not completely utilize the low-end voltage range of a battery (Rehman Al-Hadhrami2010). The power to the equipment cuts off before a generally huge segment of the battery life has been utilized. A high cut-off voltage is more across the board than maybe expected. For instance, a specific brand of cell phone that is controlled with a solitary cell Lithium-particle battery cuts off at 3.3V. The Li particle can be discharged to 3V and lower; in any case, with a discharge to 3.3V at room temperature, around 9298 percent of the limit is utilized. Imperatively, especially on account of lithium particle batteries which are utilized as a part of most by far of compact hardware today, a voltage cut-off below 3.2V would lead be able to synthetic insecurity in the cell, with the outcome being a diminished battery lifetime. Therefore, electronic makers tend to utilize higher cut-off voltages, evacuating the requirement for shoppers to purchase battery substitutions before other disappointment components in a gadget produce results. Reference Chung, H. H., Tse, K. K., Hui, S. R., Mok, C. M., Ho, M. T. (2003). A novel maximum power point tracking technique for solar panels using a SEPIC or Cuk converter.IEEE transactions on power electronics,18(3), 717-724. Bodur, M., Ermis, M. (1994, April). Maximum power point tracking for low power photovoltaic solar panels. InElectrotechnical Conference, 1994. Proceedings., 7th Mediterranean(pp. 758-761). IEEE. Krueger, W. F., Shaw, A. R., Smith, J. L. (1981).U.S. Patent No. 4,269,173. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Erling, P. S. (2006).U.S. Patent No. 7,012,188. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kolhe, M., Kolhe, S., Joshi, J. C. (2002). Economic viability of stand-alone solar photovoltaic system in comparison with diesel-powered system for India.Energy economics,24(2), 155-165. Boico, F., Lehman, B., Shujaee, K. (2007). Solar battery chargers for NiMH batteries.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,22(5), 1600-1609. Burnett, M. B., Borle, L. J. (2005, September). A power system combining batteries and supercapacitors in a solar/hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle. InVehicle Power and Propulsion, 2005 IEEE Conference(pp. 7-pp). IEEE. Rehman, S., Al-Hadhrami, L. M. (2010). Study of a solar PVdieselbattery hybrid power system for a remotely located population near Rafha, Saudi Arabia.Energy,35(12), 4986-4995.

Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play Essay Example

Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play Paper The Glass Menagerie is often criticised as a juxtaposition, or arrangement of scenes, rather than being a traditional unified play. I believe this criticism is a correct one for many reasons. A major reason which fuels this criticism is the lack of acts. In Shakespearian plays there are traditionally 5 acts, with the play being divided into roughly two halves, the build up of problems and then the solving of these problems. More modern plays usually have 3 acts, which nicely divides the play into three parts, the build up of problems, the climax, and the solution of problems. This play, however has no acts, so has no solid structure as such. It is just an arrangement of seven scenes. I believe this was intentional by Tennessee Williams, I believe the structure of the play is symbolic of the structure of the family, it has no real structure and is just an arrangement of people, or if you like, a menagerie. Right from the start in the opening speech of Tom, we are told that the play is a memory play. This gives the impression that it will not be an exact account of the events, rather an arrangement of memories that are often disjointed. We will write a custom essay sample on Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As we read the play we can see that it jumps around in time, one scene might be set a few days or even weeks later than the last scene. The statement by Tom that this is a memory play tells us instantly that it is out to break conventions. A large theme in this play is static. The set rarely changes, so is static. Tom finds his job static, as he wants to escape from it. In this play there is a continuing theme of people being stuck in time. Amanda is stuck in the past with her fond memories of Blue Water, where she used to live and was very obviously enjoying life. We can tell that she is stuck in the past because she often recounts her stories to Tom and Laura. Oppositely there is Tom who is tired of the present and past and is stuck in the future. He often visits the movies to see glimpses of what his future could be, rather than what it is going to be if he stays at home. He wishes for adventure and excitement rather than the cage or trap that he is stuck in at home. Since his father left he has been rather unfairly stuck in the providing role and therefore trapped and unable to leave and see the world as he wishes. This is why Tom is almost always around the fire escape. The fire escape is symbolic of a halfway house between the outside world and his world. He cannot leave it however because of Amanda. She is is conscience, and is constantly reminding him of the things he cannot do, which is why he rebels from her. Then there is Laura who is stuck in the present. I believe this is her choice. She seems uncomfortable in venturing forwards into the future, and when she does in the case of Jim the gentleman caller, she gets heartbroken. This just buries her deeper in lack of self-confidence which will in the end ruin her. I believe that she just enjoys the simple time she spends on her own with her collection of glass. Again the theme of static comes with the plays stage directions. Tennessee Williams gives so many heavily detailed stage directions that he gives the people performing the play less and less room to create or add things of their own. This makes the performers static in their input to the play. Leading back to the theme of static, the set remain static for virtually all of the play. The only thing that changes is when Amanda glosses the house up with the new lamp and curtains etc. There is also the on stage screen which acts as a link between the abstract thoughts of the characters, and the thoughts of the audience. The on stage screen barely ever mentions the future however, which again backs up the static nature of the play. So in conclusion I believe that the criticism mentioned in the title is correct, because of the static nature of the play, the fact its a memory play, and also the lack of an overall structure.

Qu saber de controles migratorios en interior USA

Qu saber de controles migratorios en interior USA Pocos programas son ms controversiales que el de los controles migratorios que realiza la Patrulla Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) en el interior de los Estados Unidos. Su finalidad es determinar el estatus migratorio de las personas que son paradas e interrogadas. Pero aunque ese es su fin principal, tambià ©n llevan a cabo labores de bà ºsqueda de drogas. De hecho, en los controles de carretera es frecuente encontrar perros entrenados para esa funcià ³n (lo que causa problemas en Nuevo Mà ©xico para las personas que utilizan marihuana con fines mà ©dicos). Dnde pueden encontrarse estos controles migratorios y fronterizos de la CBP en el interior En cualquier punto dentro de 100 millas (160 km) a contar desde la frontera, tanto la de Mà ©xico como la norteà ±a con Canad. En el caso de los estados de California, Arizona, Nuevo Mà ©xico y Texas, donde son ms frecuentes, suelen estar a una distancia mxima de 75 millas (121 km) a contar desde la là ­nea fronteriza que separa Estados Unidos de Mà ©xico. Qu tipo de controles hay en el interior del pas Por carretera Fijos, que pueden operar casi las 24 horas del dà ­a. Se encuentran ubicados principalmente en carreteras interestatales y autopistas principales (highways). Mà ³viles, tambià ©n llamados tcticos, que van cambiando de ubicacià ³n. Autobuses, trenes, estaciones de transporte La CBP puede efectuar controles tambià ©n siempre y cuando tenga lugar a menos de 100 millas de la frontera. En la actualidad este tipo de control est casi limitado a los estados del suroeste (frontera con Mà ©xico). Es decir, busca en las estaciones de tren y autobà ºs y tambià ©n se puede subir a bordo. Antes de 2011 tambià ©n era frecuente en los estados del Norte, como Washington, Michigan, Maine o Nueva York, pero en la actualidad est limitados a casos muy concretos. Qu pregunta la CBP Realizan preguntas tipo:  ¿es usted ciudadano americano? ¿hacia dà ³nde va? ¿quà © est haciendo? ¿este auto es suyo? Respuestas que se le dan Un buen nà ºmero de ciudadanos americanos se niegan a contestar ya que consideran que es un ataque a su libertad e incluso a la Cuarta Enmienda de la Constitucià ³n. Pero conviene resaltar los siguientes puntos: La Patrulla Fronteriza puede parar y, en su caso, detener Ninguna persona est obligada a hablar sobre su estatus migratorio (7 derechos del inmigrante indocumentado si es arrestado o detenido).Lo cierto es que, por ley, los residentes permanentes legales estn obligados a llevar consigo la tarjeta de residencia (green card).Los extranjeros que estn legalmente en el paà ­s deberà ­a llevar consigo un documento que lo pruebe, como el I-20 (estudiantes), pasaporte con visa reglamentaria, etc.Los que està ©n ajustando su estatus, pueden llevar una prueba de ellos. Qu sucede si un indocumentado es agarrado en un control migratorio en el interior Puede ser expulsado inmediatamente de los Estados Unidos o iniciarse u proceso de deportacià ³n. Otras formas de viajar domsticamente dentro del pas Estos son los documentos que se admiten para poder embarcar en un avià ³n para un vuelo dentro de los Estados Unidos o de salida a otro paà ­s. A tener en cuenta La CBP cuenta en la actualidad con aproximadamente 20,000 agentes en todo el paà ­s. Este programa de control fronterizo interno es muy criticado por amplios sectores de la sociedad, desde ciudadanos que sufren retrasos por estar sujetos a ellos, a defensores de las libertades civiles o de los derechos de los inmigrantes. La presidencia de Donald Trump est ocasionando  un gran impacto en asuntos migratorios, por lo que es conveniente estar informado y evitar ser và ­ctima de fraudes por parte de personas sin escrà ºpulos que se aprovechan del miedo y prometen cosas que, simplemente, no son posibles. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Plagiarism (research-effects, causes, solutions) Essay

Plagiarism (research-effects, causes, solutions) - Essay Example (Power F C, et al., 2008, p.338.). Obviously all these factors encourage students to commit deliberate cheating in their works. However, there are situations when inadvertent plagiarism occurs. It may happen if the student does not know the proper rules of citation or the general convention of plagiarism. Instructors have the moral responsibility to educate students about the right method of using sources. Although students are always considered as the perpetrators, to a great extent, plagiarism is the failure of schooling system. To illustrate, monotonous lectures, uninteresting assignments, useless or repeated works are some of the causes why students tend to plagiarize in their course. Many schools are not concerned about the quality of the coursework they assign to their students. Teachers often use the same assignment semester after semester which inevitably prompt students to copy from others. If teachers are not innovative in designing course work, they can not insist students to be serious about their work. Hence, plagiarism is unintentionally promoted in many institutions. It happens as we forget the basic objectives of education. The sole objective of education is to create potential and responsible citizens. If the system fails to generate trained professionals, in the long run, it would destruct the overall stability of the nation. In fact, plagiarism is a multifaceted issue that has far reaching effects on the society. Initially, it hampers the creativity of the students who plagiarize. Since the plagiarist does not initiate any effort to the assignment, his/her intellectual abilities will not be enhanced. Secondly, the act would cause relationship breakdown between student and teacher. (Eisner & Vicinus, 2008, p.190). Moreover, students miss the opportunity to acquire further knowledge in their subjects. Although cheating would

Control of microbial growth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Control of microbial growth - Research Paper Example Controlling microbial growth is very critical in preventing food spoilage.There are different techniques used in controlling microbial growth. These will be addressed in this essay. Different technologies used to control microbial growth employ varying mechanisms to cause the death of mechanism. Of critical importance to note is that the rate at which microbes die is usually constant such that logarithmic plots from depicting microbial death are usually straight and descending. Some of the microbial growth control techniques usually cause the cell membrane of microbes to exhibit a new level of permeability, leading to an uncontrolled leakage of cell content. This leakage ultimately leads to cell death. Other techniques usually damage cell proteins and nucleic acids, a mechanism that affects both RNA and DNA. This damage also leads to cell death. There are other mechanisms that serve to limit cell growth as scientists have described over time (Kratz, 2005). Physical Methods There are physical ways that have proved efficient in controlling cell growth. One of these is heat. There are certain terms related to the use of heat in controlling microbial growth that scientists have coined over time. ... A more effective strategy is often the use of steam under pressure as it becomes easier to obtain temperatures higher than the boiling point. For example, typical sterilization temperatures in an autoclave are usually 121 degree Celsius and a pressure of 15 psi with sterilization lasting 15 minutes. An additional technique used is pasteurization as described from the concept developed by Louis Pasteur. This technique employs a certain range of temperatures that ensure that microbes die but the flavor and taste of the product as well as the nutrients remain. It is important to note that this technique does not kill all the microbes, but targets those that lead to food spoilage (Srivastava, &Srivastava, 2003). Pasteurization often uses the principle of high temperatures for a short period. Dry heat may also prove useful in sterilization as in the case in incineration and sterilization in an oven. In addition to heat, scientists have also described the use of filtration membranes that h ave the capacity of separating certain microbes. This technique is applicable for liquids that prove to have high heat sensitivity. A typical example is the use of special membranes to filter air used in theatres. The use of low temperatures in the refrigerator usually at 0-7 degree Celsius ensures that microbes do not grow. However, some microbes need freezing temperatures to become inactive. In other cases, high pressure becomes useful in treating juices to prevent spoilage although endospores prove resistant to that pressure. Of importance in such cases is ensuring that flavor and nutrients do not fade in the process.Desiccation is also a way of limiting microbial growth as it deprives

American Indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Indian - Essay Example There is, however, another side to Native American history, a much more positive story that is missing from accounts that treat Indian history merely as an on-going tragedy. This is a story of cultural persistence and survival. The key themes of Native American history are continuity, resistance, resilience, and adaptability in the face of extraordinary challenges and dislocations (Native American Voices). The Indians have great capacity for adaptability. The survivors splintered, migrated, and ultimately amalgamated to form new groups and devise strategies for dealing with the invaders (Indian History and Culture). Native Americans struggled to preserve the fundamental aspects of their cultures while adapting to the changes brought about by the Europeans (New American Voices). American Indians were not simply a band of small migratory bands that existed by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants. In fact, Native American societies were rich, diverse, and sophisticated (New Ameri can Voices). Throughout their history, Native Americans have been dynamic agents of change. Food discovered and domesticated by Native Americans would transform the diet of Europe and Asia.

Impact of HRM on Productivity

Impact of HRM on Productivity The impact of HRM practices and policies on employee productivity is a significant subject in the arena of human resource management, industrial relations and organizational psychology. The bulk of its work includes the rationale of utilization of High Performance Work Practices, boost up compensation and deliverance in the field of management systems and broader employee participation and training, can better the knowledge, enhance their urge/motivation, decrease avoiding work and improve retaining of quality employees while boosting up idler to quit the organization. Most of the logic given in the related research topics shows this fact that firm present and prospective human resources are pivotal considerations in the development and completion of its tactical business plan. Although the bulk of this literature is theoretical, concludes that human resource management usage can assist to develop a source of long term competitive benefit, especially when they are associated with a firms viable stratagem. I both this largely hypothetical literature and the rising traditional acumen among human resource professionals there is a emergent agreement that organizational human resource tactic may, if adequately arrange in a particular way, present a vivid/direct and inexpensively noteworthy contribution to firm capability. The assumption is that more effective systems of HRM practices, which at the same time use the potential for complementarities or synergies among such practices and help to implement a firms competitive strategy, are sources of sustained competitive advantage. Unluckily, very little pragmatic evidence assists such a notion. What empirical work does exist has largely focused on individual HRM practices to the exclusion of overall HRM systems. 1.2: Background A number of researchers have reported that HR practices are positively linked with organizational and employee productivity or performance. The focus and thrust of these studies have been towards developed countries. Little research has been done to test the HR-performance link in developing countries like Pakistan. Aycan et al. (2000) termed Pakistan as under-researched country in the field of HRM practices. The present study is an attempt to test the relationship between HR practices and employee productivity or performance in Nestle Pakistan Limited, in this situation it is important to find out the determinants which can enhance the employees productivity in an organization. The objective of this research is to facilitate the decision makers in an organization to follow the HRM practices which can improve the productivity of employees. The present study could be helpful to human resource managers of public and private sector organizations in Pakistan for formulation and development of HRM practices that will ensure high level of employees productivity resulting in increased achievement of an organization. To evaluate employee productivity as sanctioned by human resource management practice, as HRM practices have significant impact on employee outcomes particular on the productivity. Support for predictions that impact of HR practices on employee productivity, linking to the HR system focused on human capital enhancement was directly related to multiple dimensions of operational performance such as employee productivity, machine efficiency and customer alignment. Hypotheses will be derived from resource-based perspective on strategy. Positive and significant effects on employee productivity are found for organizations that utilize more sophisticated human resource planning, recruitment and selection strategies. The need to examine the output effects of original service practices using data from model of Nestle Pakistan Limited employees of diverse departments, efficiency regressions demonstrate set of creative work practices, which include motivational pay, teams, pleasant work assignm ents, employment safety measures and training, achieve significantly higher levels of yield which includes slight job definitions, stringent work rules and hourly pay with close management. Most of the literature on HRM activities has presumed that employee productivity affects the success and effectiveness of HRM activities. 1.3: Objectives Determining use of productivity in comparison to performance and recognize productivity level on work performance Finding out employee productivity impact from HRM based functions Relating to several theories and applications of HRM practices in accordance to employee productivity The aim of the proposed study is to explore the relationship between HRM practices and employee productivity. The researcher will try to answer two questions, i.e., How do Human Resource Management (HRM) practices affects Employee productivity? And how an organization can improve its productivity through effective HRM practices? The present research will be conducted through survey questionnaire technique. The questions will be close ended with five point Likert type scale. For calculation and manipulation on the primary data, statistical tools will be used. In this research, Nestle Pakistan Limited a food processor, one of the largest organization in Pakistan will be the target population. In order to select the sample, non-probability convenience sampling technique will be used. The sample will contain 100 respondents including both male and female. This research will be of quantitative type because the quantitative research is more result oriented than qualitative research. The pr esent research will be applicable in almost all areas private and public sectors because it identifies the basic key i.e. Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and employee productivity. Problem statement What is the problem? There are many and varied reasons why managers are continually under distress in organization. Resources, human and material, technology are but a few issues confronting managers daily. More importantly the human aspect has questions that have perplexed and fascinated managers for a long time. These questions include: How can they improve the performance of their employees? Which factors make some employees better productivity in their jobs than others? What makes some employees perform better than others? There are no easy answers to these questions, yet they plague managers in their day-to-day running of organizations. The reality is that the level of employee motivation affects their morale, performance and overall job satisfaction. Research question and research objective Research questions How an organization can improve its productivity through effective HRM practices. How does HRM practice effect employee productivity? Hypothesis Human Resource Management Practices are positively correlated to Employees productivity. H1: Selection is positively correlated to Employees productivity. H2: Training impacts Employees Performance positively. H3: Performance appraisal is positively correlated to Employees Performance. H4: Career planning is positively correlated to Employees Performance. Scope and Limitations of research Scope Scope of the current research study is limited to the Nestle Pakistan Limited. The current study touches those recruitment areas of private sector organization which are still neglected, but have its own importance. The proposed study will throw light on such hiring areas to improve the efficiency of the employees of Nestle Pakistan Limited will increase. The results of the present study will be able to be implemented in the private sector organizations well. Limitations The research study will must have to be completed in November 2010. Time limit is a critical factor because it will have to complete with the normal job routine. Respondents may not be able to respond properly because of their tight schedule. Respondents may not have the proper knowledge about the variables and their relationship which are under study. Personal likeness and dislike-ness of the respondents may create biasness in the study. Respondents may feel hesitation while attempting the questionnaire and may produce ambiguous results. Conceptual framework of research In the past Human resource management (HRM), was known as personnel management, which includes all the activities performed by an organization to make sure the efficient employment of employees towards the accomplishment of individual, group, and organizational objectives. A firms HRM working concentrates upon the people side of administration. It is made of usages which help the company to deal efficiently with its people throughout the different steps of the employment cycle, as well as pre-hire, recruitment, and post-hire. The pre-hire step includes planning tactics. The business must take this decision that what types of job initiation will survive in the future period and focus the required qualifications for performing these jobs. During the hiring steps, the organization chooses its employees. As for as the selection criteria techniques are concerned they include recruiting applicants, judging their diploma, and finally choosing those who are deserved to be the most competent. In the post-hire phase, the business makes HRM policies for efficiently managing persons once they have come to them. These techniques are formed to enhance the performance and contentment levels of employees by giving them with the required knowledge and capabilities to fulfil their job assignments and by developing such occasions that will boost up their energy, guide and help the employees in their efforts to meeting the businesss goals. HRM practices and implementation There is always HR department in a firm which implements its policies and the responsibilities of this department are associated with HR professionals and line managers. The interaction b/w managers and HR professionals guide them to make efficient and productive HRM policies. Firms success depends upon the performance of its worker and methodology of its appraisal method. HR professionals originate the system, while managers present the criteria to judge the standards of making performance evaluations in their right perspective. As far as the nature of these roles is concerned they vary from company to company making its dependence on the size of the business. This conversation presumes large company with highly developed HRM department. Similarly, in small companies without extended HRM departments, line managers must presume an even greater role in efficient HRM practices. HR professionals commonly presume the following four areas of obligations: establishing HRM policies and measures, developing/choosing HRM methods, monitoring/evaluating HRM practices, and advising/assisting managers on HRM-related matters. HR professionals usually make the decision (subject to upper-management approval) what actions to follow when imposing HRM policies. For example, HR professionals may decide that the selection procedure should include having all applicants (1) complete an application (2) give an employment test, and then (3) be ready for the interviewed by an HR professional and line manager. Generally the HR professionals adopt specific methods to implement a firms HRM policies. For example, in selection the HR professional may presume the application empty, develop a prearranged interview guide, or select an employment test. HR professionals also make ensure that the firms HRM practices are adequately implemented. Evaluating and monitoring are involved in this obligation. For example, HR professionals may evaluate the usefulness of employment tests, the success of training programs, and the cost effectiveness of HRM outcomes such as selection, turnover, and recruiting. They also may monitor records to ensure that performance appraisals have been properly completed. HR professionals also consult with management on an array of HRM-related topics. They may assist by providing managers with formal training programs on topics like selection and the law, how to conduct an employment interview, how to appraise employee job performance, or how to effectively discipline employees. HR professionals also provide assistance by giving line managers advice about specific HRM-related concerns, such as how to deal with problem employees. The development of HRM procedures and methods often requires input from line managers. For example, when conducting a job analysis, HR professionals often seek job information from managers and ask managers to review the final written product. Additionally, when HR professionals determine an organizations training needs, managers often suggest what types of training are needed and who, in particular, needs the training. Significance of the study The proposed study is directly related to the human resource management (HRM) practices and its related effects on an organization. A positive or negative correlation will be created between the variables of the HRM practices and employee productivity and performance with in the target population i.e., Nestle Pakistan Limited. The impeding significance of the research can be found at the ideal composition of research of how it can go or not go beyond the scope of research as the research findings could be at most useful in terms of instilling awareness to HR personnel and other involved parties that it is important to have right amount of productivity adhering to performance, research is significant in providing ample basis towards theory and conceptual sense of HR ways, productivity level as well as application and accepting HR practices research and development as reference tool. The proposed study will also attract the attention of the management of the private sector organization to reduce the rate of turnover of the contractual employees. The present study will also highlight the importance of good and satisfactory HRM practices in saving the time of management and the co-workers. The findings of the study will help the organization to improve the productivity and efficiency of employee and provide a speedy start up for the new employees, save the time, reduce start up cost, minimize the anxiety and reduce the turnover of contractual employee in a private sector organization. The study will also help the organization to optimize the abilities of the employees and assign the responsibilities accordingly. In this way the organization will be able to achieve its objectives in a better cost effective way by making a confident and strong workforce. The findings and recommendations will be proof more effective through out the organization. LITERATURE REVIEW HRM practices and productivity of employees Guest (2002) has argued that the Impact of HRM on performance depends upon workers response to HRM practices, so the impact will move in direction of the perception of HRM practices by the employee. Wood (1999) and Guest (2002) has stressed that a competent, committed and highly involved work force is the one required for best implementation of business strategy. Huselid (1995) have found that the effectiveness of employees will depend on impact of HRM on behavior of the employees. Patterson et al (1997) while discussing impact of people management practices on business performance has argued that HR practices in selection and training influence performance by providing appropriate skills. Their research has found that HR practices have powerful impact on performance even if measured as productivity. Huselid (1995) stressed that by adopting best practices in selection, inflow of best quality of skill set will be inducted adding value to skills inventory of the organization. He also stressed on importance of training as complement of selection practices through which the organizational culture and employee behavior can be aligned to produce positive results. Cooke (2000) has included efficiency and effectiveness as ingredients of performance apart from competitiveness and productivity. He or she further argued that training is the tool to develop knowledge and skills as means of increasing individuals performance (efficiency and effectiveness). Singh (2004), whose observations are more relevant in our cultural context, argues that compensation is a behavior aligning mechanism of employees with business strategy of the firm. Career planning is a tool that aligns strategy with future HR needs and encourages employee to strive for his personal development (William et al, 1996). By increasing employee participation, the firm will benefit from increase in productivity of the employee due to increased commitment of the employee. Financial participation schemes were more beneficial for the organizations than the associated cost (Summers Hyman, 2005). Use of best HR practices shows a stronger association with firms productivity in high growth industry (Datta et al, 2003). This finding has significance in our case as we have shown that the telecom sector of Pakistan is a high growth industry. Wright et al (2003) have argued that an employee will exert discretionary effort if proper performance management system is in place and is supported by compensation system linked with the performance management system. Job definition is combination of job description and job specification. It clearly outlines duties, responsibilities, working conditions and expected skills of an individual performing that job (Qureshi M Tahir, 2006). Ichniowski (1995) while observing productivity of steel workers have found that complementary HR practice System effects workers performance. Majority of previous research has verified significant relationship between HR practices and Employee Outcomes (Sels, 2006) Collins (2005) in a research of similar nature targeting small business have found that effective HR practices impact employee outcomes significantly (employee outcomes used by them were different than ours). A research was conducted by Mr. Tahir Masood Qureshi (2006) regarding Impact of HR p ractices on organizational performance in Pakistan. His findings were supportive of our assumption that HR practice system effect Organizational Performance through employee outcomes. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Methodology The present research will be a survey type cross sectional quantitative research. The research methodology will be as follows: Research population In the given research study, the population will be all employees of Nestle Pakistan Limited. The number of female staff in the population will be very small but their efficiency of work is greatly affected. Research sample The sample will consist of both males and female, upper, middle and lower level staff from the target population. According to the designations of the respondents their qualifications, professional experience, age will vary. Sample size The sample will contain 100 respondents including both male and female. Type of research This research will be of quantitative type because the quantitative research is more result oriented than qualitative research. Sampling technique In order to select the sample from the target population i.e. Nestle Pakistan Limited Non-probability convenience (purposive) sampling technique will be used. Questionnaire A questionnaire will be designed to collect the necessary information. The questions type will be close ended. A cover letter highlighting the purpose of the study and instructions to fill in the questionnaire and a demographic data sheet will be prepared and attached with the questionnaire as well. DATA ANALYSIS AND REPRESENTATION Available research software and manual calculation will be uses while making analysis on the data collected for the proposed research study if needed. Statistical and arithmetical formulae will be applied as per demand and need of the study. Statistical tables and graphical representations will also be drawn. FINDNIGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Findings In order to achieve the basic purposes and objectives of the proposed research study, research findings based on data analysis will be discussed generally and specifically. Conclusion Conclusion will be constructed after analysis. Recommendations At the end finally Recommendations will be given for further improvements. Research Plan and Time Schedule Time is an important element of any research design, to measure the time span.

Dinner at My Place Essay -- Personal Narrative Papers

Every year on Halloween; my favorite holiday, I had a very special dinner party. It looks like it was that time of the year again. So I pulled out my phone book and decided to invite a couple of people over. After putting lots of thought into it, I decided to invite three people: Jesse Berst, Molly Masland, and Julia Walker. Now these three people aren’t just any three people. They all have something in common; they know about about online shopping. They are all some type of reporter and have written articles about online shopping. Jesse Berst is and he did a report called "Online Shopping, The Safe Way;" which teaches some great tips on how to shop carefully. Molly Masland is also a reporter and her story/article was called "The Dark Side Of Online Shopping;† she shows you some of the things that can go wrong when you shop online. Finally there’s Julia Walker and she is known for her consumer reports. One of her many articles was "Resolving Problems, What T o Do When You Get Burned;" her reports tell you what to do and where to go for help if you get ripped off. Yes, online shopping was going to be the theme for this year. I figured since I had to do a paper on it for school and they all wrote stories on online shopping then we would definitely have something to talk about. Not to mention it was an interesting topic that would help me on my paper. So I made some invitations, sent them out and as soon as they all RSVP’d I began to plan everything out. Well it was almost eight o’clock and here I was running around my house frantic trying to get last minute things finished. For a while there I was going mad trying to decide what we should eat. I figured since they where all respectable people that some fine wine was to ... ...s out there that are keeping an eye out for shady businesses. It is good to tell people that there is something they can do about it, most people do nothing. Everyone should be aware that they should file consumer reports like Julia Walker said. It's the only way to protect you're self after something has happened, and it is also one of the only ways to help you recover what you lost. All in all I felt very satisfied with the dinner. Besides just being a nice evening it was also a very informative one. I learned a lot of things about online shopping that not most people know and that they should know. Sites to go to: Jesse Berst- Online Shopping: http://www.zdnet.com/anchordesk/story/story_2754.html Molly Masland- MSNVC Online Shopping: http://www.msnbc.com/news/283239.asp Julia Walker: Online Shopping: http://shoppingspot.com/consumerinfo/fraud.htm

Bullying Speech Essay

Have you ever been bullied? Have you ever cry yourself to sleep every night just because you don’t want to go to school the next day? Have you almost risk your own life just because you don’t want to live anymore? From the different experiences I had encountered and listened to, being bullied by the people around you really change one’s lifestyle and perception in life. Bullying is an unwanted, aggressive behaviour among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behaviour is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have serious, lasting problems. Close to half of all the children will experience school bullying at some point while they are at primary or secondary school or sometimes even if they are already adult and at work. Like my cousin who is now a sophomore high school student, he has been bullied nonstop for almost two years. He was teased by his classmate s because of his dumbness and quietness in class. Once, his classmates had punched him because he doesn’t want to give his allowance to them. Parents should always check their child because more than 20% of children who are repeatedly bullied end up in jail. According to Doc Ryan of Cyber Bullying Seminars (2009), bullying has several forms. These are physical, verbal, social, psychological and cyber. Physical bullying is when a person (or group of people) uses physical actions to bully someone; such as hitting, poking, tripping or pushing and repeatedly and intentionally damaging someone’s belongings. Verbal bullying is the repeated or systematic name calling, insults, homophobic or racist remark and verbal cause. Social bullying is indirect actions, such as lying about someone, spreading rumors, playing a nasty joke that make the person feel humiliated or powerless, and mimicking or deliberately excluding someone. Psychological bullying is threatening, manipulating or stalking someone. And cyber bullying is a method of bullying that uses technology. There are many factors that motivate bullying behavior. Bullies want to feel powerful by insulting or mocking someone. They want to have the attention their families did not give them. They want to be aggressive. Bullies pick on the people they think don’t fit in, maybe because of how they look, how they act (for example,  kids who are shy and withdrawn), their race or religion, or because the bullies think their target may be gay or lesbian. The bullies also have psychological problem of their own. They don’t bully other person just to act cool. They were attention seeking individuals who wanted to be noticed and to be noted as superior in their community. One of the most painful aspects of bullying is that it is relentless. Most people can take one episode of teasing or name calling or being shunned at the mall. However, when it goes on and on, bullying can put a person in a state of constant fear. Studies show that people who are abused by their peers are at risk for mental health problems, such as low self-esteem, stress, depression, or anxiety. They may also think about suicide more. There are many ways to overcome bullying. 1. Practice confidence. Practice ways to respond to the bully verbally or through your behavior. Practice feeling good about yourself (even if you have to fake it at first). 2. Ignore the bully and walk away. It’s definitely not a coward’s response — sometimes it can be harder than losing your temper. Bullies thrive on the reaction they get, and if you walk away or ignore hurtful emails or instant messages, you’re telling the bully that you just don’t care. 3. Seek guidance or ask for help when you or someone is bullied. It may help to talk to a guidance counselor, teacher, or friend — anyone who can give you the support you need. Talking can be a good outlet for the fears and frustrations that can build when you’re being bullied. 4. Take charge of your life. You can’t control other people’s actions, but you can stay true to yourself. Think about ways to feel your best — and your strongest. To sum up everything, bullying is an abuse of your human rights. It is a serious problem with serious mental and physical impacts. It can affect you at home, school, and work, in your social life and in your ability to feel happy, healthy and secure. It is a parasitical exchange, where one person gains a benefit from hurting another. Standing up to bullies doesn’t mean you have to have a physical fight with them. Most of the time, you don’t have to fight. There are almost always more effective ways to deal with bullies — ways that are better for you. Don’t ever forget that everyone has  the right to feel safe and happy. Today’s problem isn’t so much the bullying itself – bullying has been around for centuries. The problem is that it is difficult to escape from its cruelty. Despite campaigning, bullying itself won’t become extinct, but the safety felt by victims can be increased.

ADHA essay Essays - Evaluation, Integrity, Virtue, Mindfulness

ADHA essay Essays - Evaluation, Integrity, Virtue, Mindfulness The word integrity derives from the Latin root word integer, which means complete or entire. I believe that a significant quality a student member should possess to be the District Student Delegate for ADHA is Integrity. I say this because how much integrity one has defines the eminence of your character. I believe that integrity encompasses all qualities and capabilities of your roll to lead and help others. Having good character allows you to be receptive to information and teach others. The student member has to be assertive and proactive so that there voice can be heard for other members of ADHA. To be in this position I believe that you need to be complete with your actions. The student member needs to be able to implement their skills effectively while being open to change and progression. They have to be able to take accountability while holding moral and ethical responsibilities to become the Student Delegate. The student member needs to be able to function exceptionally in team-based settings and have positive impacts on other members. They need to have great work ethic and an optimistic attitude so that they can influence other members in a constructive way. They need to be able to create an environment that will allow other members to be motivated and to invoke them to use their talents to succeed. Upholding good integrity, truthfulness, mindfulness, and honesty is key. Possessing these primary attributes and building on them is what will make a Student Member successful. Gennifer Afari Howard University District III SNDA Elect

HOW TO WRITE A CRITIQUE FOR A THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE Essays

HOW TO WRITE A CRITIQUE FOR A THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE Essays HOW TO WRITE A CRITIQUE FOR A THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE Essay HOW TO WRITE A CRITIQUE FOR A THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE Essay How to Write a Critique for a Theatrical Performance A critique is an evaluation ofa performance of a show. It should contain five paragraphs. 1. Paragraph I†The Basics Include the answers to the five Ws: Who (the playwright, directors, and actors What (the title of the play) Where (the name of the school or theater) When (when did you see it? ) Why (In a few sentences, state the basic theme of the show) 2. Paragraph 2†The Plot Briefly summarize the plot of the show: How well did the story work? Was it interesting, entertaining? Did you like the actual script? 3. Paragraph 3†The Acting Reactions to the performers playing the characters in the play: Use their real names and character names Were they believable? How was their volume and articulation? Did their gestures and body movement stay true to the character? 4. Paragraph 4†The Design set: Did it establish a definite mood and correct time period for the play? Lights: Did they convey appropriate mood, emphasis, and brightness? Costumes and Makeup: Were they true to the period of the show and to the characters? Sound: How did the sound effects and music contribute to the shows mood? If this performance was a musical, what is your opinion of the orchestras performance? 5. Paragraph 5†The Reaction What is the plays effect on the audience? Was the audience attentive? Was the audience interested? What was your opinion of the show as a whole? Back up all your opinions with valid reasons. Be objective, fair, and sincere. Evaluate the entire production. Be constructive. Indicate good points along with those you felt needed improvement. Enjoy the show†dont go to be overly critical.

Management in Context (MIC) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management in Context (MIC) - Essay Example These reforms originated in urbanized developed economies, whose supporting leaders were under force to keep downward levels of community duty and expenditure, while maintaining elevated stages of welfare and other community services (Manning 1996). A noteworthy feature of the reforms was the conviction that the state had develop into too great and over-committed, and that the marketplace offered better mechanisms for attain the efficient provide of possessions and services (World Bank, 1996, 1997). The public management meadow is in the middle of a theoretical and experiential upheaval concerning the position played by networks in the release of public services. The increase of civic/private cooperation in the civic sphere has throw doubt on the image of the modern bureaucracy as a hierarchical arrangement of incompetence. I continue the procedure of examining management belongings through civic/private networks by discovers the frequently discussed but uncommonly tested plan of time within a system. Much of the management journalism treats networking as a one-shot occurrence, ignoring "executive experience" differences crossways organizations, but this learn treats the relationships shaped over time as a dangerous element of system management achievement (Hasenfeld, Y., and Steinmetz, D. 1981, 83-101). What Are The Main Characteristics Of Bureaucratic Management The traditional representation of community administration is based on the bureaucracy conjecture. It is characterized as "an administration under the official control of the supporting leadership, based on a severely hierarchical replica of bureaucracy, staffed by enduring, neutral and nameless officials, motivated only by the community interest, portion any governing gathering equally, and not causal to policy but simply administrating those strategies decided by the politicians." The conventional model of administration was a development compared to the previous one, which was regarded as the substitute of personal administration with an unfriendly organization based on rules. Indeed these were middle concerns of academics such as Aristotle in ancient Greece, Confucius in antique China, and Machiavelli in medieval Italy. But the beginning of the campaigner, bureaucratic state, in spite of its earlier parallels, is in put into practice an fundamentally twentieth century occurrence. The characteristics of this bureaucratic state were set out the majority obviously by the German sociologist Max Weber in 1920, with physically powerful echoes of previous writings by the American Woodrow Wilson (Hughes, 1998): 1. There be supposed to be a clear division among politics and administration, and consequently distinct roles for political selected (normally elected) and condition officials (normally selected). 2. Administration should be unremitting and conventional, operating on the foundation of printed, unambiguous system 3. Administrators should be enlisted on the basis of qualifications, and be supposed to be skilled professionals 4. Organization should reproduce a functional separation of employment, and a hierarchical agreement of tasks and

Juvenile Delinquency in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Juvenile Delinquency in the USA - Research Paper Example The author of the paper states that are the expectations of the public that crime instances done by young offenders will continue to increase anyway no matter what actions and prevention methods the public and the society as a whole try to carry out in order to thwart the prevalence of offenses and criminality. These prospects have their foundations on the forecast of the U.S. Census Bureau which projects that the crimes committed by the young, aged 15-17 - the age group responsible for 30 percent of the offenses incurred by the juveniles - will increase 20 percent by this year (2007) (Ferro 2003). What is worse, the Office of Juvenile Justice reported that the juvenile offenders or children in conflict with the law, who have been relocated into the adult criminal justice system, have escalated in number. In addition, near the turn of the previous century, 40 states including the District of Columbia passed legislation, which eased legal constraints in trying juveniles as adults in t heir respective jurisdictions (Griffin et al. 1998). In order for us to understand why this occurrence cause alarm on the public and the on our justice system, we have to fully comprehend the underlying principles with regards trying juvenile offenders in adult courts which employ adult criminal laws and statutes. Likewise, it is necessary to understand the legal principles that govern young offenders and when these juveniles should not be tried as adults. All states in the United States of America including the District of Columbia permit adult criminal prosecution of juveniles under definite conditions. Under the waiver provisions, for instance, decisions of the transfer of the offender from a juvenile institution to an adult court or adult criminal institution is left to the State's juvenile courts, but clearly provides that young offenders may not be prosecuted as adult criminals unless a juvenile court judge has ordered the transfer (Griffin et al. 1998). The provisions vary fr om one another in the extent of flexibility with which the conditions allow the courts. However, under these provisions, a case against a juvenile must at least originate in juvenile court and cannot be directed anywhere else, unless there is a formal approval from juvenile court judge. In the Direct File provisions, the prosecutor determines whether to commence a case against a young offender in juvenile court or in criminal (adult) court. In Statutory Exclusion, criminal courts are bestowed jurisdiction on the classes and levels of cases involving juveniles. Under this provision, a State legislature fundamentally predetermines the question of criminal prosecution and carries out the decision, bypassing the authority of the prosecutor and the court (Roberts 2004 & Griffins 1998). Nevertheless, these provisions are bestowed to juvenile offenders under specific conditions. Most states in the US contend that the prosecution of the young offenders in adult criminal courts is a legislat ive remedy and a response to the growing violent offenses, but surprising numbers of laws in many states in the country authorize criminal trial even for non-violent offenses. Presently, 21 states permit adult prosecution of juveniles charged of offenses related to property as, for instance, arson and burglary while 19 states afforded provisions in their statutes authorizing prosecution of young people in conflict with the law - whose offenses are drug related - in adult court. Forty-six of the 50 states in this country permit issuance of a waiver for a variety of offenses including personal, property, violent and non-violent (Ferro 2003).