Language Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman Free Essays

Language Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman Macro-Sociolinguistics Parsa Khan Student ID # 35700-1095 Arabic, the sixth largest spoken language in the world, which consists of 186,000,000 speakers around the globe and being the central language of the Middle East, is one of the most significant languages in this century. Sultanate of Oman which is an Arab nation and its national language is standard Arabic may not make up much of those 186,000,000 speakers but it surely has and maintains an essential part in the Arabic language. In this paper I will be discussing language variation change in Oman, focusing on Gender, Social Class and Religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will be especially look at the change in the use of vocabulary, dialects and tone used by the people of Oman. The Sultanate of Oman which is located on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula and has borders with UAE, Saudi Arabia and Yemen is one of the biggest countries in Middle East in terms of its land area. The reason I’m selecting this country as my main focus is because I have lived there for almost 18 years and thus I’ve had the opportunity to closely interact with its people and language. The Sultanate of Oman has a very rich culture and follows the monarchy ruling approach. The first king was His highness Said Al Said and later on and till date his son, Sultan Qaboos Bin Said. In the early days, Oman was ruled by the Portuguese and then later on by the British. These two ruling parties left a huge impact on many aspects of the country, including language. Addition to that during the 19th century Oman took a lot of influence from East Africa, which included Tanzania and Kenya. Poole (2006) said † These links between East Africa and Oman are evident today African features of some Omanis and in the use of Swahili in the Sultanate, particularly among ‘Zanzibari Omanis’, who may have been born in East Africa or else can trace their family history to that region. † This influence leads to the addition of more languages in Oman and the main one being Swahili. Other languages which are spoken all around Oman are Baluchi and Farsi and English which is also the official second language of the country. English has official approval as the second language of Oman † Poole (2006). As a result, different varieties of Arabic and different languages are spoken all around the country. Even though Oman has a low population rate compared to other Middle Eastern countries, it has number of regions in the country; Governate of Muscat, Dhakliya, Sharkiya, Wusta, Dhofar (salalah), Batinah (Sohar) and Mussandam. Muscat being the capital of the count ry has a cosmopolitan society which means that all types of Arabic varieties are spoken there, including Hindi as well. As the Indian Ocean is attached, Oman took a lot of influence from India and many local Omanis understand Hindi. [â€Å"Indian varieties of English used in Oman often exhibit the lilting intonation patterns sometimes labeled ‘Bombay Welsh†] Poole (2006). The other main region which is the Dhofar region has taken the Yemeni Arabic influence because Yemen’s border touches the dhofar region. There is another rare dialect which exist, called the Jabali which is spoken by the people living in the mountains and â€Å"speak a variety of unique South Arabian languages that are not mutually intelligible with modern Arabic. Minority groups speak Arabic† (Anonymous). There are number of varieties which exist in the Arabic language especially in Oman but the two chief divisions of Arabic are Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. Classical Arabic is the old Arabic, which originates from the holy book, Quran. While modern standard Arabic on the other hand is used in the current era in various domains such as home and work place and media as well. This paper will be focusing more on Modern Standard Arabic in Oman. Initially when the first king was ruling the country, Oman was not able to mark its existence strongly due to the methods the king had adopted. Few people really recognized Oman as a country and the people of Oman and the economy of Oman were not able to grow at the same level as rest of the Middle East. It was just recently when the present king took the throne; Oman was able to grow in various ways. Out of many factors which were developed immensely, I personally believe education was given the most importance by the current Sultan. At the moment Oman is ranked 126th out of 183 countries for having a literacy rate of 81. 4%. For instance there was a time when there were only two schools which were controlled by the expatriates but now Oman has number of government and private schools and universities and one huge well reputed university-Sultan Qaboos University which is funded by the Sultan. The reason I mention this fact is that I believe education plays a very important role when it comes to being fluent at any language be it even the mother tongue. In addition to that, it supports my first main sub topic which is gender. Gender is defined is a variety of characteristics used to differentiate between  males and  females, and to sign the  masculine  and  feminine  attributes. Linking gender and Arabic will lead to other variables such as education and age which I will be discussing below. In the whole of Middle East, we can clearly see that men are usually more dominant in many aspects. However in recent times we can see a change in how women are treated and given more importance. In the case of Oman, one can see this change clearly. By promoting education, the sultan not only allowed girls to attend school but also offered them jobs in the government. This change has definitely influenced Oman as the literacy rate of women aged 15-24 in Oman rose from 75% in 1990 to 97% in 2005. (Reem Bassiouney,2009). Also currently Oman has the highest number of women ministers compared to other Arab countries. All around the word all languages have certain words which are only used on a specific gender, for example in Arabic if you want to address someone by saying â€Å"you†, we would say â€Å"inta† for a man and â€Å"inti† for a woman. Thus this establishes a difference between the two genders and the language differences that exist. In Oman, women are generally expected and seen in the household, doing regular chores and taking care of the kids. Girls are less likely to be found using slang or even vulgar ways of speaking unlike boys and especially younger adolescents. When Oman was underdeveloped and there was no sign of literacy, these women would just interact with their family members and learn whatever is being taught to them. Now things have changed and women talk and work freely. This has brought some significant changes in language use in Oman. For instance, if we compare two women from the same tribe but one is educated and lives in the city while the other still lives in the village, we will see that the tone and the words both of them use will be different. Example: the woman from the tribe would greet another lady with a long hello which will be â€Å"Asalam le kum wa rahmat ul wa bara kato† in a high pitch, while the other lady will have more of a mellow tone and greet with just â€Å"Asalam le kum†. This might not always be the case, but as far as what I have observed this is what is happening these days. Commonly women in Oman who have not been provided with formal education are likely to speak in a higher tone and perhaps use vernacular vocabulary. The men in Oman are considered to be very kind and generous in behavior. However depending to whom they are communicating, they will use certain words and even change their accent. If a group of friends are talking they will use a lot more slang, regardless of what age group they belong to but if they are talking to their elders we will see that they would use prestigious dialects and make it formal as much as possible which is the similar case in women as well. Back in the days, men would interact in a more strong tone with harsh words which in today’s modern Oman it might be considered as rude as well but this was just a way of expressing the masculine side and power of the man. Jones and Ridout (2005) found † [Of equal importance in the discussion of recent developments that follows below is what Fredrik Earth characterizes as Omani male society’s powerfully internalised â€Å"ideology of politeness,†4 which turns out to be more than just a matter of superficial grace and elegance, but integral to a sense of social identity†] The next topic we will be focusing on is social class. In Oman ones identity and from where which tribe or family one belongs to, has tremendous importance for the people. Omanis do not have the caste system but have a hierarchy of families, which divides people and as a result shows where they belong socially. The top of the hierarchy we have the Saids, which come directly from the Sultans family. Under them we have the Al Busaidis and so on. In Oman a person’s social status is judged by identifying which tribal family one belongs to. The use of language in these different tribes only starts varying if we keep going down in hierarchy. The group belonging on the top uses the prestigious Arabic consisting of modern standard Arabic, while the lower class would use the Bedouin Arabic. Aside from Arabic, we will focus more on English under this topic. As mentioned above, English has been made the second official language of Oman after Arabic due to various reasons which is one of the main language change we can see in this society. Even though I have observed, most omanis including the youth are not able to speak English fluently. Speaking English in Oman, reflects your social standing and education level, so if one speaks English fluently he or she is considered to be from the upper class. As (jabour,.. ) found English language is associated with many stereotypes and issues. Social status and levels are also associated with learning English. Wealthy people take advantage of their high status in most aspects of life whether in employment or education. Many wealthy people may have lower score on their national exams, but may still get access to higher educational opportunities and in turn develop better English skills by virtue of their class standing. From the above findings we can clearly see that English in the omani society has a lot of importance as it is connected with one being educated, getting a better job and just generally being respected in the society. Islam is the official religion of Oman and most of the population consists of Ibadhis followed by Sunnis and the Shias. According to US department of state † Non-Ibadhi and non-Sunni religious communities individually constitute less than 5 percent of the population and include various groups of Shiite Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, and Christians† (Oman, International Religious Report,2007). As known the language used in Islam is Classical Arabic in holy book of Quran and hadiths and thus even regional ceremonies and prayer classical Arabic used. According to Reem Bassiouney, In Arab countries, religion is not seen as an individual’s personal choice but more as person’s identity and â€Å"family affilation†. 2009). Thus we will not see a huge change or variation in religion in Oman. Addition one other main reason is that unlike other religions such as Hinduism or Christianity which have different holy books, Islam only follows one book since the origin of the religion and till now. This gives less chance for the language used in religion to change. Having said tha t, we can still point out minor details the three Islamic groups have. As Hoffman (2004) found â€Å"Ibadhi Muslims complain that although they read the literature of all sects, non-Ibadis hardly ever look at Ibadhi literature†. This shows that even though this group has their own work, not many people are aware of it and thus the new generation just follows and reads what the sunnis and shites have provided which leads to less variation between language use. According to western thinking, Islamic women are suppose be covered at all times and just working at home at all times. Addition that it is also interpreted that Islam does not have any women right and that they are always under mens authority. To change such concepts from the peoples mind and show them the true role and Islamic women has, many educated Omani women wanted to take the advantage of knowing English language to tell and explain the other societies what they do not know about them. They would like to share why they believe in Islam and what they see as the real message behind the religion. They expressed concern over how the media is delivering a distorted picture of Islam and over the lack of awareness about the prophet Mohamed, his life, and his morals. Jabur,2008) In conclusion I think that there has been number of language changes in Oman in many aspects. In Arabic itself and the use of English language all over the country is the main change one can notice in this society. Oman as a country is very much stable, compared to other Middle Eastern countries and is developing in various ways which gives the people of Oman the opportunity to learn and diversify themselves more. The importance of education in this country will surely make Oman stand out and this shows the beginning of a successful nation. However we can say that this is just the beginning and in future we are likely to see more language changes in this society due to more exposure the people will get and the recent boom in tourism. More influences from different societies will occur and Oman will be an impressive cosmopolitan society. As I was conducting my research on this paper I also realized that not many research and studies have been performed on Oman, which indirectly shows that a lot more is yet to be discovered and can be learned from this nation. I expect that the English language will be the dominate language in Oman within a few decades. Sadly to say, the Arabic language might lose its users, its elegance, and its influence on the Arabic culture and individuals, but English might help them in overcoming their obstacles and constraints. (Jabour,2008). This last statement leaves the reader with a thought provoking feeling that maybe the country which is known to keep its tradition and values intact is losing its official language while on the quest of developing as and educated society. On a personal note I disagree as living in this society I strongly believe that Omanis, no matter how educated or modern they get will always remember their mother tongue and How to cite Language Variation and Change in Sultanate of Oman, Essay examples

Off grid solar System-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Off grid Solar System. Answer: Introduction Solar powered frameworks infer pure and clean energy from the sun. Installation of solar systems on people's homes aids in decreasing our aggregate reliance on petroleum product and combating greenhouse gas emissions (Rehman Al-Hadhrami2010). At the point when petroleum derivatives are singed to deliver power, they transmit destructive gasses that are the essential driver of global warming and air pollution. Solar Citys carbon footprint per unit of vitality creation is ninety-five percent lower than that of fossil products control plants. Not exclusively are petroleum fuels energy terrible for the environment, they are a limited resource. Restricted availability makes an unpredictable market in which vitality costs can skyrocket in a brief timeframe. Given the low ozone harming substance outflows from sunlight-based power, expanding its adoption is a fundamental strategy in endeavors to battle environmental change at both the national level and individual. Solar Panels Solar panels are panels made to absorb sunlight in generating heat and electricity for domestic consumption. A packaged of photovoltaic module is connected to solar cell which is a typically assembly of 6x10 photovoltaic cells. These photovoltaic modules comprise of the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic framework that creates and supplies sunlight based power for business and private applications. Every module is rated by its direct current yield control under standard test conditions (STC) and regularly goes from a hundred to three hundred and sixty-five Watts. Workload calculation Having chosen the components, we calculate the workload. Appliance is a regular household bulb of 15w Hours of running = 8 hours Calculating total watt hour = 15 w x 8 = 120 Considering the system has a 30% energy loss then we have Total watt per day = 120 x 1.3 = 156 Wh Types of solar panels The variety of sun oriented power innovations accessible keep running on a size of productivity, value, flexibility and durability, based on the need of ones venture. PV solar based innovation creates control since materials such as silicon yield an electrical current when they sunlight, in a method referred as the photovoltaic effect (Burnett Borle 2005, September). Likewise semiconductors, sunlight based PV innovation needs purged silicon to get a good efficiency, and the cost behind PV sun oriented manufacturing is frequently determined by the crystalline silicon decontamination process. There are three types of solar panel. Monocrystalline: For the most part, monocrystalline silicon sun powered based PV is the best advancement to pass on viability, as measured by wattage yield related to the board estimate. However, this capability can be went with additional expenses. The most proper esteem is sun situated PV advancement is polycrystalline silicon, offering adequacy levels close to monocrystalline boards, however at a large portion of the cost sometimes. Polycrystalline: These sun oriented is made by including silicon fluid into a cast. Nevertheless, because of this advancement strategy, the gem structure will outline deficiently, making hindrances where development of precious stone breaks. This gives the polycrystalline silicon its unmistakable, grainy appearance, as the gemstone sort configuration highlights the cutoff points in the valuable stone. Thin-Film Solar PV: This technology is the least used and has the lowest market share since it has several disadvantage. However it is considered as the suitable option for projects that needs less power requirement that need portability and light weight. Thin film has generated an efficiency of twenty percent efficiency. Effects of Solar Panel The sun gives a gigantic asset to producing spotless and maintainable power without poisonous contamination or a dangerous atmospheric devation emanations. The potential natural effects related with sun based power arrive utilize and environment misfortune, water utilize, and the utilization of perilous materials in assembling can differ enormously relying upon the innovation, which incorporates two general classifications: photovoltaic (PV) sun based cells or concentrating sun oriented warm plants (CSP). The size of the framework extending from little, dispersed housetop PV exhibits to substantial utility-scale PV and CSP ventures additionally assumes a huge part in the level of ecological effect. Rating Of the Solar Panel Sunlight based board measure should be picked in a way that it will charge the battery totally amid the one day time. Amid the time of twelve hours of day time the daylight is not uniform and differentiation according to your territory in the globe. So we can expect four hours of successful daylight which will produce the evaluated control. Hence, Total WP of the panel = 156WH/4 = 39 W Solar panel size In spite of the fact that length and width fluctuates somewhat, most manufacturing are producing sun based boards in standard sizes. The most run of the mill estimate utilized for private establishments is 65 creeps by 39 inches which will be the appropriate for this venture, while the basic size for business applications is 77 crawls by 39 inches. The littler size is a superior fit for private activities to expand accessible rooftop space. Most business ventures have many boards and this is the reason the somewhat bigger board is a more perfect decision. Sun Power is the special case to length and width. Their private board is 61 crawls by 41 inches, somewhat shorter and somewhat more extensive than standard boards. With respect to control, estimate is regularly alluded to in DC watts under STC or PTC conditions. STC, or Standard Test Conditions, is the power rating measured under research center conditions (Rehman Al-Hadhrami2010). STC is the thing that a sun based board maker utilizes as a part of their specialized particulars of hardware. Most standard boards are in the vicinity of 23o and 275 watts DC STC, while Sun Power producer's high-effectiveness gear in the scope of 327 to 345 watts. PTC, or PV USA Test Conditions, is the power rating under more "certifiable" conditions. The PTC of a sunlight based board is ordinarily 10-15% lower than its STC. For standard boards, the PTC is commonly in the vicinity of 195 and 247 watts DC. Solar cell electric model Solar cells are tiny, square-molded board semiconductors produced using silicon and other conductive materials, fabricated in thin film layers. At the point when daylight strikes a sun-based cell, synthetic responses discharge electrons, creating an electric current. Sun-powered cells are additionally called photovoltaic cells (PV cells) and can be found on numerous most of electronic for example calculators. PV is molded as a current source since it supplies a constant current over a wide range of voltages It has p-n junction diode that supplies a potential It has internal resistors that impede the flow of the electrons. Cells are the electrical gadget that proselytes daylight into power. With a specific end goal to produce a valuable measure of energy, cells are linked together in a sun powered board. 60 cell modules are the business standard for private applications, however somewhat bigger business boards are for the most part 72 cells. SunPower, the pioneer in sun oriented board effectiveness, uses 96 cell boards. Sun based establishment organizations regularly take a gander at the quantity of cells while deciding similarity with microinverters Sun situated cells are not ordinarily used independently in light of the way that they don't yield sufficient voltage and vitality to meet normal electrical solicitations.The measure of voltage and current they yield can be expanded by joining cells together with wires to create bigger zone sunlight based modules. Cells can be associated in various ways Strings where cells are associated in arrangement Blocks at least 2 strings associated together in parallel Joining at least 2 squares together Calculating Current and Voltage Series connections are made by connecting one cells ntype contact to the p-type of the next cell Parallel connections are made by joining each cells ntype contacts together and p-type contacts together Series connections the voltages add Parallel connections the current add Series connections the current flow is equal to the current from the cell generating the smallest current (limited by poorest cell) Parallel connections the voltage is the average of the cells or string in parallel Battery The yield from the sun powered board is dc control. This power is produced amid the day time as it were. So if you have to run a dc stack in the midst of day time then it is in every way basic. In any case, doing this is not a respectable decision in light of the way that: Most of the machines require a consistent evaluated voltage to run effectively. Sun powered board voltage is not unfaltering it changes as shown by the sunshine if you have to run the machines in the midst of night then it is incomprehensible. The above issue is lit up by using a battery to store the daylight based power in the midst of the day time and utilize it as indicated by your decision .It will give steady wellspring of steady, dependable power (Kolhe, Kolhe Joshi 2002). There are different sort of Batteries. Auto and bicycle batteries are intended for providing short blasts of high present and after that be revived and are not intended for a profound release. In any case, the sun based battery is a profound cycle lead-corrosive battery that takes into consideration incomplete release and takes into account profound moderate release. Lead corrosive tubular battery is ideal for a nearby planetary group. Li-Ion batteries and Ni-MH batteries are moreover used various little power application. Before going to pick the fragments pick your system voltage 12/24 or 48 V. Higher the voltage lesser the present and lesser will be the copper adversity in the channel. This will reduce your conductor appraise also.In by far most of the little home adjacent planetary gathering have twenty-four or twelve volts. This project uses twelve volt system. Rating of the battery Batteries capacity are rated in term of Ampere Hour. Power= Current X Voltage Watt Hour =Voltage x Current x Time Voltage of the battery = 12 volts ( the system uses 12v) capacity of voltage = Load /Voltage = 156/12 = 13Ah Basically battery are not perfect, so we need to consider the loss. Taking the battery loss is fifteen percent. So battery limit required is 13/0.85 =15.29 Ah For a good battery life,they are not permitted to release completely that is 100 %.For overflowed lead corrosive battery 60% profundity of release is considered as great practice. Hence the Capacity needed = 15.29/0.6 = 25.49 Ah You can choose a profound cycle lead corrosive battery with limit more than 25.49 Ah. You can round off to 30Ah Charger controller Charge controller of a solar is a gadget which is set between a battery and solar panel . It controls the current and voltage starting from your sun fueled sheets .It is used to keep up the right charging voltage on the batteries. As the data voltage from the sun arranged board rises, the charge controller guides the charge to the batteries keeping any overcharging (Burnett Borle 2005, September). Generally speaking, the sun based power structures uses 12 volt batteries, however Solar sheets can pass on altogether more voltage than is required to charge the batteries. By, fundamentally, changing over the excess voltage into amps, the charge voltage can be kept at a perfect level while the time required to totally charge the batteries is lessened. This empowers the sun based power system to work in a perfect world at all conditions. Types of Charge controller: PWM MPPT ON OFF Among the three charge controllers MPPT have most elevated productivity yet it is costly.So you would use be able to either PWM or MPPT. Rating on charge Controller Since the project will use 12V, then the Charge controller must be 12V Current = Output of the power by the of Panels / Voltage = 120 W/ 12V = 10 A By taking thirty percent edge, You can pick a 13A charge controller. However, the following rating controller accessible in the market is 20A. So pick a Charge Controller of twelve Volt and current rating of 20.0A. Low voltage Cutt off In batteries, the cut-off (definite) voltage is the recommended lower-limit point voltage at which battery discharge is taken to be complete. The cut-off voltage is typically picked so that the maximum limit of the battery is accomplished. The cut-off voltage is unique in relation to one battery to the next and it is exceedingly reliant on the sort of battery and the sort of administration in which the battery is utilized. When testing the limit of a NiMH or NiCd battery a cut-off voltage of 1.0 V for every cell is ordinarily utilized, though 0.9 V is regularly utilized as the cut-off voltage of an antacid cell. Gadgets that have too high cut-off voltages may quit working while the battery still has huge limit remaining. Some convenient hardware does not completely utilize the low-end voltage range of a battery (Rehman Al-Hadhrami2010). The power to the equipment cuts off before a generally huge segment of the battery life has been utilized. A high cut-off voltage is more across the board than maybe expected. For instance, a specific brand of cell phone that is controlled with a solitary cell Lithium-particle battery cuts off at 3.3V. The Li particle can be discharged to 3V and lower; in any case, with a discharge to 3.3V at room temperature, around 9298 percent of the limit is utilized. Imperatively, especially on account of lithium particle batteries which are utilized as a part of most by far of compact hardware today, a voltage cut-off below 3.2V would lead be able to synthetic insecurity in the cell, with the outcome being a diminished battery lifetime. Therefore, electronic makers tend to utilize higher cut-off voltages, evacuating the requirement for shoppers to purchase battery substitutions before other disappointment components in a gadget produce results. Reference Chung, H. H., Tse, K. K., Hui, S. R., Mok, C. M., Ho, M. T. (2003). A novel maximum power point tracking technique for solar panels using a SEPIC or Cuk converter.IEEE transactions on power electronics,18(3), 717-724. Bodur, M., Ermis, M. (1994, April). Maximum power point tracking for low power photovoltaic solar panels. InElectrotechnical Conference, 1994. Proceedings., 7th Mediterranean(pp. 758-761). IEEE. Krueger, W. F., Shaw, A. R., Smith, J. L. (1981).U.S. Patent No. 4,269,173. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Erling, P. S. (2006).U.S. Patent No. 7,012,188. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Kolhe, M., Kolhe, S., Joshi, J. C. (2002). Economic viability of stand-alone solar photovoltaic system in comparison with diesel-powered system for India.Energy economics,24(2), 155-165. Boico, F., Lehman, B., Shujaee, K. (2007). Solar battery chargers for NiMH batteries.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,22(5), 1600-1609. Burnett, M. B., Borle, L. J. (2005, September). A power system combining batteries and supercapacitors in a solar/hydrogen hybrid electric vehicle. InVehicle Power and Propulsion, 2005 IEEE Conference(pp. 7-pp). IEEE. Rehman, S., Al-Hadhrami, L. M. (2010). Study of a solar PVdieselbattery hybrid power system for a remotely located population near Rafha, Saudi Arabia.Energy,35(12), 4986-4995.

Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play Essay Example

Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play Paper The Glass Menagerie is often criticised as a juxtaposition, or arrangement of scenes, rather than being a traditional unified play. I believe this criticism is a correct one for many reasons. A major reason which fuels this criticism is the lack of acts. In Shakespearian plays there are traditionally 5 acts, with the play being divided into roughly two halves, the build up of problems and then the solving of these problems. More modern plays usually have 3 acts, which nicely divides the play into three parts, the build up of problems, the climax, and the solution of problems. This play, however has no acts, so has no solid structure as such. It is just an arrangement of seven scenes. I believe this was intentional by Tennessee Williams, I believe the structure of the play is symbolic of the structure of the family, it has no real structure and is just an arrangement of people, or if you like, a menagerie. Right from the start in the opening speech of Tom, we are told that the play is a memory play. This gives the impression that it will not be an exact account of the events, rather an arrangement of memories that are often disjointed. We will write a custom essay sample on Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Consider The Criticism That The Glass Menagerie Is A Clever Juxtaposition Of Scenes Rather Than A Unified Play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As we read the play we can see that it jumps around in time, one scene might be set a few days or even weeks later than the last scene. The statement by Tom that this is a memory play tells us instantly that it is out to break conventions. A large theme in this play is static. The set rarely changes, so is static. Tom finds his job static, as he wants to escape from it. In this play there is a continuing theme of people being stuck in time. Amanda is stuck in the past with her fond memories of Blue Water, where she used to live and was very obviously enjoying life. We can tell that she is stuck in the past because she often recounts her stories to Tom and Laura. Oppositely there is Tom who is tired of the present and past and is stuck in the future. He often visits the movies to see glimpses of what his future could be, rather than what it is going to be if he stays at home. He wishes for adventure and excitement rather than the cage or trap that he is stuck in at home. Since his father left he has been rather unfairly stuck in the providing role and therefore trapped and unable to leave and see the world as he wishes. This is why Tom is almost always around the fire escape. The fire escape is symbolic of a halfway house between the outside world and his world. He cannot leave it however because of Amanda. She is is conscience, and is constantly reminding him of the things he cannot do, which is why he rebels from her. Then there is Laura who is stuck in the present. I believe this is her choice. She seems uncomfortable in venturing forwards into the future, and when she does in the case of Jim the gentleman caller, she gets heartbroken. This just buries her deeper in lack of self-confidence which will in the end ruin her. I believe that she just enjoys the simple time she spends on her own with her collection of glass. Again the theme of static comes with the plays stage directions. Tennessee Williams gives so many heavily detailed stage directions that he gives the people performing the play less and less room to create or add things of their own. This makes the performers static in their input to the play. Leading back to the theme of static, the set remain static for virtually all of the play. The only thing that changes is when Amanda glosses the house up with the new lamp and curtains etc. There is also the on stage screen which acts as a link between the abstract thoughts of the characters, and the thoughts of the audience. The on stage screen barely ever mentions the future however, which again backs up the static nature of the play. So in conclusion I believe that the criticism mentioned in the title is correct, because of the static nature of the play, the fact its a memory play, and also the lack of an overall structure.

Qu saber de controles migratorios en interior USA

Qu saber de controles migratorios en interior USA Pocos programas son ms controversiales que el de los controles migratorios que realiza la Patrulla Fronteriza (CBP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) en el interior de los Estados Unidos. Su finalidad es determinar el estatus migratorio de las personas que son paradas e interrogadas. Pero aunque ese es su fin principal, tambià ©n llevan a cabo labores de bà ºsqueda de drogas. De hecho, en los controles de carretera es frecuente encontrar perros entrenados para esa funcià ³n (lo que causa problemas en Nuevo Mà ©xico para las personas que utilizan marihuana con fines mà ©dicos). Dnde pueden encontrarse estos controles migratorios y fronterizos de la CBP en el interior En cualquier punto dentro de 100 millas (160 km) a contar desde la frontera, tanto la de Mà ©xico como la norteà ±a con Canad. En el caso de los estados de California, Arizona, Nuevo Mà ©xico y Texas, donde son ms frecuentes, suelen estar a una distancia mxima de 75 millas (121 km) a contar desde la là ­nea fronteriza que separa Estados Unidos de Mà ©xico. Qu tipo de controles hay en el interior del pas Por carretera Fijos, que pueden operar casi las 24 horas del dà ­a. Se encuentran ubicados principalmente en carreteras interestatales y autopistas principales (highways). Mà ³viles, tambià ©n llamados tcticos, que van cambiando de ubicacià ³n. Autobuses, trenes, estaciones de transporte La CBP puede efectuar controles tambià ©n siempre y cuando tenga lugar a menos de 100 millas de la frontera. En la actualidad este tipo de control est casi limitado a los estados del suroeste (frontera con Mà ©xico). Es decir, busca en las estaciones de tren y autobà ºs y tambià ©n se puede subir a bordo. Antes de 2011 tambià ©n era frecuente en los estados del Norte, como Washington, Michigan, Maine o Nueva York, pero en la actualidad est limitados a casos muy concretos. Qu pregunta la CBP Realizan preguntas tipo:  ¿es usted ciudadano americano? ¿hacia dà ³nde va? ¿quà © est haciendo? ¿este auto es suyo? Respuestas que se le dan Un buen nà ºmero de ciudadanos americanos se niegan a contestar ya que consideran que es un ataque a su libertad e incluso a la Cuarta Enmienda de la Constitucià ³n. Pero conviene resaltar los siguientes puntos: La Patrulla Fronteriza puede parar y, en su caso, detener Ninguna persona est obligada a hablar sobre su estatus migratorio (7 derechos del inmigrante indocumentado si es arrestado o detenido).Lo cierto es que, por ley, los residentes permanentes legales estn obligados a llevar consigo la tarjeta de residencia (green card).Los extranjeros que estn legalmente en el paà ­s deberà ­a llevar consigo un documento que lo pruebe, como el I-20 (estudiantes), pasaporte con visa reglamentaria, etc.Los que està ©n ajustando su estatus, pueden llevar una prueba de ellos. Qu sucede si un indocumentado es agarrado en un control migratorio en el interior Puede ser expulsado inmediatamente de los Estados Unidos o iniciarse u proceso de deportacià ³n. Otras formas de viajar domsticamente dentro del pas Estos son los documentos que se admiten para poder embarcar en un avià ³n para un vuelo dentro de los Estados Unidos o de salida a otro paà ­s. A tener en cuenta La CBP cuenta en la actualidad con aproximadamente 20,000 agentes en todo el paà ­s. Este programa de control fronterizo interno es muy criticado por amplios sectores de la sociedad, desde ciudadanos que sufren retrasos por estar sujetos a ellos, a defensores de las libertades civiles o de los derechos de los inmigrantes. La presidencia de Donald Trump est ocasionando  un gran impacto en asuntos migratorios, por lo que es conveniente estar informado y evitar ser và ­ctima de fraudes por parte de personas sin escrà ºpulos que se aprovechan del miedo y prometen cosas que, simplemente, no son posibles. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

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Control of microbial growth - Research Paper Example Controlling microbial growth is very critical in preventing food spoilage.There are different techniques used in controlling microbial growth. These will be addressed in this essay. Different technologies used to control microbial growth employ varying mechanisms to cause the death of mechanism. Of critical importance to note is that the rate at which microbes die is usually constant such that logarithmic plots from depicting microbial death are usually straight and descending. Some of the microbial growth control techniques usually cause the cell membrane of microbes to exhibit a new level of permeability, leading to an uncontrolled leakage of cell content. This leakage ultimately leads to cell death. Other techniques usually damage cell proteins and nucleic acids, a mechanism that affects both RNA and DNA. This damage also leads to cell death. There are other mechanisms that serve to limit cell growth as scientists have described over time (Kratz, 2005). Physical Methods There are physical ways that have proved efficient in controlling cell growth. One of these is heat. There are certain terms related to the use of heat in controlling microbial growth that scientists have coined over time. ... A more effective strategy is often the use of steam under pressure as it becomes easier to obtain temperatures higher than the boiling point. For example, typical sterilization temperatures in an autoclave are usually 121 degree Celsius and a pressure of 15 psi with sterilization lasting 15 minutes. An additional technique used is pasteurization as described from the concept developed by Louis Pasteur. This technique employs a certain range of temperatures that ensure that microbes die but the flavor and taste of the product as well as the nutrients remain. It is important to note that this technique does not kill all the microbes, but targets those that lead to food spoilage (Srivastava, &Srivastava, 2003). Pasteurization often uses the principle of high temperatures for a short period. Dry heat may also prove useful in sterilization as in the case in incineration and sterilization in an oven. In addition to heat, scientists have also described the use of filtration membranes that h ave the capacity of separating certain microbes. This technique is applicable for liquids that prove to have high heat sensitivity. A typical example is the use of special membranes to filter air used in theatres. The use of low temperatures in the refrigerator usually at 0-7 degree Celsius ensures that microbes do not grow. However, some microbes need freezing temperatures to become inactive. In other cases, high pressure becomes useful in treating juices to prevent spoilage although endospores prove resistant to that pressure. Of importance in such cases is ensuring that flavor and nutrients do not fade in the process.Desiccation is also a way of limiting microbial growth as it deprives

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